HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Credits	Periods		Exam Hrs.	Sessional Marks	Exam Marks	Total Marks
	Theory	Tutorial / Lab
4	3	-	3	30	70	100

1. Historical Perspective

The nature of science and technology, Roots of science and technology in India, Science and society, Scientists and society, Science and Faith and the rise of applied sciences.

2. Policies and Plans after Independence

Nehru’s vision of science for independent independent India, Science and technology developments in the new era science and technology developments during the Five Year Plan Periods and science and technology policy resolutions.

3. Research and Development (R&D) in India

Expenditure in R&D, Science and Technology Education, Research activities and promotion of technology development, Technology mission, Programs aimed at technological self reliance, activities of council of scientific and industrial research (CSIR).

4. Science and Technological Developments in Major Areas

Space – Objectives of space programs, Geostationary Satellite Services – INSAT system and INSAT services remote sensing applications, Launch Vehicle Technology

Ocean Development – Objectives of ocean development, Biological and mineral resources, Marine research and capacity building

Defence Research – Spin-off technologies for civilian use,

Biotechnology – Applications of biotechnology in medicine, Biocatalysts, Agriculture, Food, Fuel and Fodder, Development of biosensors and animal husbandry

Energy – Research and development in conservation of energy, India’s nuclear energy program, technology spin-offs.

5. Nexus between Technology Transfer and Development

Transfer of Technology – Types, Methods, Mechanisms, Process, Channels and Techniques, Appropriate technology, Technology assessment, Technological forecasting, Technological innovations and barriers of technological change.

Textbooks:

1. Kalpana Rajaram, Science and Technology in India, Published and Distributed by Spectrum Books (P) Ltd., New Delhi – 58.

2. Srinivasan, M., Management of Science and Technology (Problems & Prospects), East-West Press (P) Ltd., New Delhi.

Reference Books:

1. Ramasamy, K.A., and Seshagiri Rao, K., (Eds), Science, Technology and education for Developlemnt, K., Nayudamma Memorial Science Foundation, Chennai – 8.

2. Kohili, G.R., The Role and Impact of Science and Technology in the Development of India, Surjeet Publications.

3. Government of India, Five Year Plans, Planning Commission, New Delhi.

4. Sharma K.D., and Quresh M.A., Science, Technology and Development, Sterling Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi.