ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Credits	Periods			Exam Hrs.	Sessional Marks	Exam Marks	Total Marks
	Theory	Tutorial	Lab
3	3	-	-	3	30	70	100

Module 1 : Introduction

Definition, Score and importance, Measuring and defining environmental development : Indicators

Module 2 : Ecosystems

Introduction, Types, Characteristic features, Structure and functions of ecosystems, Forest, Grassland, Desert, Aquatic (lakes, rivers and estuaries).

Module 3 : Environment and Natural Resources Management

Land Resources : Land as a resource, Common property resources, land degradation, Solerosion and desertification, Effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, Forest Resources : Use and over-exploitation, Mining and dams – their effects on forest and tribal people, Water resources : Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, Floods, Droughts, Water logging and salinity, Dams – benefits and costs, Conflicts over water, Energy Resources : Energy needs, Renewable and non-renewable energy sources, Use of alternate energy resources, Impact of energy use on environment.

Module 4 : Bio-Diversity and its Conservation

Value of bio-diversity – Consumptive and productive use, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic and option values, Bio-geographical classification of India – India as a mega diversity habitat, Threats to biodiversity – Hot-sports, habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, loss of species, seeds etc., Conservation of biodiversity – in – situ and ex-situ conservation.

Module 5 : Environmental Pollution – Local and Global Issues

Causes, Effects and control measures of : Air pollution, Indoor air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Solid waste management, Compositing, Vermiculture, Urban and industrial wastes, Recycling and re-use, Nature of thermal pollution and nuclear hazards, Global warming, Acid rain, Ozone depletion.

Module 6 : Environmental Problems in India

Drinking water, Sanitation and public health, Effect of activities of the quality of environment : Urbanization, Transportation, Industrialization, Green revolution, Water scarcity and ground water depletion, Controversies on major dams – Resettlement and rehabilitation of people problems and concerns, Rain water harvesting, Cloud seeding and watershed management.

Module 7 : Economy and Environment

The economy and environment interaction, Economics of development, Preservation and conservation, Sustainability : Theory and practice, Limits to growth, Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles, Environmental impact assessment.

Module 8 : Social Issues and the Environment

Population growth and environment, Environmental education, Environmental movements, Environment Vs development.

Module 9 : Institutions and Governance

Regulation by Government, Monitoring and enforcement of environmental regulation, Environmental acts : Water (Prevention and control of pollution) act, air (Prevention and control of pollution) act, Environmental Protection Act, Wild life protection act, Forest conservation act, Costal zone regulations, Institutions and policies relating to India, Environmental Governance.

Module 10 : International Conventions

Stockholm Conference 1972, Earth Summit 1992, World Commission for Environmental Development (WCED).

Module 11 : Case Studies

Chipko movement, Narmada bachao andolan, Silent valley project, Madhura refinery and Taj Majal, Industrialization of pattancheru, Nuclear reactor at Nagarjuna Sager, Tehri Dam, Ralegaon Siddhi (Anna Hazare), Kolleru lake – Acquaculture, Florosis in Andhra Pradesh.

Module 12 : Field Work

Visit to a local area to document and mapping environmental assets – River / forest / grassland / hill / mountain, Study of local environment – Common plants, Insects, Birds, Study of simple ecosystems – Pond, river, hill, slopes etc. Visits to industries, Water treatment plants, Affluent treatment plants.

Textbooks : Kaushik – Kaushik, Anubha

Reference : Deswal & Deswal, Raja Gopal, Dharmaraj Publishers.   

ECE 228   ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY

Credits	Periods			Exam Hrs.	Sessional Marks	Exam Marks	Total Marks
	Theory	Tutorial	Lab
2	-	-	3	3	50	50	100

Ten Experiments based on Electrical Machines Theory.